Space Domain at the Africa International Defence Exhibition

Fully state-funded through the Algerian Space Agency. Airbus Defence & Space was the prime contractor and supported technology transfer/local engineering capability.

State-funded through ASAL. SSTL in the UK was the prime contractor, with Algerian engineer participation as part of a broader capability-building programme.

Algerian government programme financed through a Chinese state-backed loan. CGWIC was prime contractor, China EXIM Bank financed it, and CAST manufactured the satellite.

Fully state-funded through ASAL and defence-linked funding streams. Airbus, SSTL and Chinese partners support EO and communications satellite ground systems.

Funded by the Egyptian government through the Egyptian Space Agency. Developed with Chinese support from the CAS/CAST ecosystem and significant Egyptian engineer involvement.

Egyptian government/EgSA programme with Chinese CAST support, Chinese financing and technical input. Partly developed within Egypt’s AIT facility as part of a localisation push.

Funded by the Egyptian government via EgSA. RSC Energia in Russia was the prime contractor. Foreign-built, Russia-led programme with limited local involvement.

Fully state-funded strategic infrastructure project located at Egyptian Space City in Cairo. China contributed to facility construction, equipment supply and technical training.

Funded by the Egyptian government through EgSA and military-linked infrastructure. Partners include China, Russia and European ground-system/software suppliers.

Funded by the Ethiopian government through state development and science budgets. CAST was the prime contractor, China EXIM Bank supported financing, and Ethiopian engineers received training/knowledge transfer.

2020 satellite funded by the Ethiopian government through the national space programme. Continued Chinese/CAST ecosystem partnership, with greater Ethiopian participation than ETRSS-1.

State-funded through ESSTI and national ICT/science budgets. China is the primary ground-systems provider, with integration into Ethio Telecom infrastructure.

Expected to remain government funded, using state budget and likely Chinese financing mechanisms. China remains the dominant incumbent, with possible diversification toward European small-satellite providers.

2023 satellite funded by Kenya Space Agency and the Government of Kenya innovation/space budgets. Dragonfly Aerospace built and integrated the satellite, EnduroSat supplied platform components, and SpaceX provided rideshare launch.

Jointly supported by the University of Nairobi and Kenya Space Agency. Kyushu Institute of Technology was the main technical partner, with JAXA supporting ISS deployment.

Funded by Kenya Space Agency and national ICT/science allocations. Partners include European firms linked to TAIFA-1 and local telecom providers such as Safaricom. Still developing, without full sovereign ground-segment capability.

KSA and government ministries use satellite data for agriculture, environment and defence. Partners include ESA/Copernicus, NASA/US partnerships, Maxar and Planet Labs. Model is service-based access rather than asset ownership.

Government/institutional programme led by All Nations University with support from the Ghanaian government. Kyushu Institute of Technology was the main technical partner, with JAXA supporting ISS deployment.

Early-stage government-backed plan under emerging national space policy frameworks. Likely to use multilateral financing and partners such as China, Airbus or SSTL.

Government-funded through science and ICT agencies. Initial capability exposure came through Japan and GhanaSat-1, with future Chinese or European contractor involvement likely.

Defence-linked Moroccan government programme focused on military intelligence requirements. Airbus Defence & Space and Thales Alenia Space were co-prime contractors. Satellites were built in Europe with limited Moroccan industrial participation.

Funded through Moroccan defence and intelligence budgets. Airbus and Thales provided ground-control systems and data processing, with European contractors integrating the ground segment.

Integrated into national security architecture through the Royal Armed Forces and intelligence services. Airbus, Thales, and US/European geospatial firms support imagery, analytics and intelligence platforms.

Established in 2020 as a fully state-funded agency under the Ministry of ICT and Innovation. Relies heavily on international partnerships rather than domestic space industry capability.

Government ministries fund data access and applications for agriculture, environment and defence. Partners include JAXA, ESA/Copernicus, Planet Labs and Maxar.

Early-stage satellite development plans    Government-led via Rwanda Space Agency and innovation/digital economy budgets. Likely partners include Japan, European small-satellite manufacturers and potential future PPP structures.

Earth observation satellite funded through the Department of Science and Innovation and implemented by the South African National Space Agency. Dragonfly Aerospace is listed as a key manufacturer, with SCS Space/SunSpace historically involved.

Ground-segment upgrades funded mainly by DSI and SANSA, focused on Hartebeesthoek ground station and SANSA Space Operations facilities.

Expanding beyond satellites into end-to-end earth observation ecosystems, including downstream data infrastructure that indirectly supports ground-segment demand.

Historic satellite systems and ground-support capability. Financial strength is limited, but technical relevance remains.

Private-sector firms such as Terra Analytics and GeoTerraImage shape demand for ground-station upgrades, though they are not major direct infrastructure funders.

ESA collaborations and commercial satellite operators contribute through technical support, partial co-development, and service contracts rather than dominant capital funding.

2021 satellite with limited direct government funding. Telnet Holding was the primary funder and developer, making it Africa’s first privately developed satellite. Built largely by Tunisian engineers, with Russian launch services via Soyuz/GK Launch Services.

Supported by Tunisian government ICT/research budgets and led mainly by Telnet Holding. The document describes it as nascent, commercially driven, and not yet a fully state-owned sovereign ground segment.